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Se consideră matricele [tex]$A=\left(\begin{array}{lll}3 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 4 & 2 \\ 9 & 6 & 3\end{array}\right), I_{3}=\left(\begin{array}{lll}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right)$[/tex] şi [tex]$B=I_{3}+A$[/tex].

5p a) Arătaţi că det [tex]$A=0$[/tex].

[tex]$5 \mathbf{p}$[/tex] b) Arătaţi că matricea [tex]$I_{3}-\frac{1}{11} A$[/tex] este inversa matricei [tex]$B$[/tex].

5p c) Dați exemplu de trei matrice [tex]$U, V, T \in \mathcal{M}_{3}(\mathbb{R})$[/tex], de rang 1 , astfel încât [tex]$U+V+T=B$[/tex].


Răspuns :

[tex]A=\left(\begin{array}{lll}3 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 4 & 2 \\ 9 & 6 & 3\end{array}\right)[/tex]

a)

Calculam detA, adaugam primele doua linii ale determinantului si obtinem:

[tex]det(A)=\left|\begin{array}{lll}3 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 4 & 2 \\ 9 & 6 & 3\end{array}\right|[/tex]

                 3    2   1

                 6   4   2

detA=(36+36+36)-(36+36+36)=108-108=0

b)

[tex]B=\left(\begin{array}{lll}4 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 5 & 2 \\ 9 & 6 & 4\end{array}\right)[/tex]

[tex]detB=\left|\begin{array}{lll}4 & 2 & 1 \\ 6 & 5 & 2 \\ 9 & 6 & 4\end{array}\right|[/tex]

              4    2   1

              6    5   2

detB=80+36+36-(45+48+48)=152-141=11

Transpusa matricei B si inversa sa

[tex]B^t=\left(\begin{array}{lll}4 & 6 &9 \\ 2 & 5 & 6 \\ 1 & 2 & 4\end{array}\right)[/tex]

[tex]B^*=\left(\begin{array}{lll}8 & -2 & -1 \\ -6 & 7 & -2 \\ -9 & -6 & 8\end{array}\right)\\\\B^{-1}=\frac{1}{detB} \cdot B^*\\\\B^{-1}=\left(\begin{array}{lll}\frac{8}{11} & \frac{-2}{11} & \frac{-1}{11} \\ \frac{-6}{11} & \frac{7}{11} & \frac{-2}{11} \\ \frac{-9}{11} & \frac{-6}{11} & \frac{8}{11} \end{array}\right)[/tex]

[tex]I_3-\frac{1}{11}A=\left(\begin{array}{lll}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right)-\left(\begin{array}{lll}\frac{3}{11} & \frac{2}{11} & \frac{1}{11} \\ \frac{6}{11} & \frac{4}{11} & \frac{2}{11} \\ \frac{9}{11} & \frac{6}{11} & \frac{3}{11} \end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{lll}\frac{8}{11} & \frac{-2}{11} & \frac{-1}{11} \\ \frac{-6}{11} & \frac{7}{11} & \frac{-2}{11} \\ \frac{-9}{11} & \frac{-6}{11} & \frac{8}{11} \end{array}\right)=B^{-1}[/tex]

c)

Luam matricea U si pastra prima linie apoi restul termenilor 0

Luam matricea V pastram linia a doua si restul termenilor 0

Luam matricea T pastram linia a treia si restul termenilor 0

Daca le adunam ne da matricea B

Rangul lui U, V si T este 0

detU=detV=detT=0 (au cel putin o linie cu termenii 0), iar minorii lor au determinantii 0

[tex]U=\left(\begin{array}{lll}4 & 2 & 1 \\ 0&0&0 \\ 0&0&0\end{array}\right)[/tex]

[tex]V=\left(\begin{array}{lll}0&0&0 \\ 6 & 5 & 2 \\ 0&0&0\end{array}\right)[/tex]

[tex]T=\left(\begin{array}{lll}0&0&0 \\ 0&0&0 \\ 9 & 6 & 4\end{array}\right)[/tex]

Un alt exercitiu cu matrice gasesti aici: https://brainly.ro/tema/9919124

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